2.
   2021
/   
 
( )
 : 3     :75
:     -    ,          
                
1.()                
  -     
()           
2.()    ?      
()          
3. ()             
()       
4.            ?     
     
5.     :
(a)    
()       
2.
6.       ?          
7.     ? 
      
    ?
8. ()            ?
()         DTP      
   2021
/   
 
( )
 : 3     :75
:     -    ,          
                
1.()                
  -     
()           
:1(a)     -        
              
  
        ,       
           ,    - 
       ,  ?
         
2.
                    
,         -   , 
       — WhatsApp         
 
       

󷄧󼿒        
1.    
                 
 :
        
        
         
  
  
         

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔           ,       
   !
2.   
         
        ,        

     '    
 -  -        -
       
:
 '  
  
    
 ,       
2.
3.       
   ,            
     100        , 
     ,        
     
 
 :



4.    
        
             ' 
  
   :
 
 
   
      ,     '   
5.    
        ,      ,  
     ,        
    
       
:
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     
2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     
6.  
            

                
 
 -19     '           
,        
 :
 

 
-  
7.     
     
 -      

      :
 
  
 
 
   ,     

󷇳    -  
  
     ,     
           
 
      
       
2.
󽇐1.  
  ,              

    :
2.
   -   ,           

 :
   
 
   
󽆱 :
      ,        
            
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     -     ,     

󽇐2.   
2.
  ,             
 :
  
       '   

 
󽆱 :
      ,        
   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     -     ,    

󽇐3.  
2.
,        
           ' 
 
 :
  
    
󽆱 :
      ,       
     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔             -      ,
    
2.
󽇐4.   
2.
  ,        
 :
  
    
 
󽆱 :

 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔        -    ,  
  
󽇐5.  
2.
           
 :
 (  )
   
󽆱 :
       ,        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔        
1()      
         
    -  
           ,     

  
   
     
    !
󷄧󹸭󹸮󹸯󹸰1.  - 
2.
4
- ,             
 ,            
 
:


   
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔-  ,           
󹸔󹸗󹸘󹸕󹸖󹸙2. 
          
   :
 
 
  
:
   
   
2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    
󹷂󹷃󹷄󹷅󹷆󹷇󹷈󹷋󹷉󹷊3.   
     '    
 
   :
4
5
       :
 
 
    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       
2.
󹹂󹹃󹹄󹹈󹹅󹹉󹹊󹹆󹹇4.    
        '   
   :
GPS 
  
 
     :
-          
 
󷄧󼿒
     -           
 ,       
 
               ,  
     
 
            ,  
            
2.
2.()    ?      
()          
:(a)    ?
   
       
  ,   
 
 ,   ,            
            ,   
               
               
 
                
  '                
   ,         
 
 ?
  ,  "-  "        
    
    ,    
     
HTTP (    ): 
     
   ,  
www.google.com   ,   
    HTTP    
FTP (    ):      
     
   '     
FTP     
SMTP (    ):       
""

 ,  SMTP   
        
 
TCP/IP (   / ):     
    ,      ,    ' 
  
 ,   ,            
         ,       
      
()         
2.
              
     ,     
1.  
                 
         ,  -   '    -
 ,  ,     ,    

      
        
CPU    ,       
 CPU     
    
  
1970         (   ) 
        ,      ,  
       / (  )    ,
CPU   '     ,    

2.  
         
   , WhatsApp '
      ,    '     -    
  
 ,         ()   , 
             
        
             
    
   ':

       
 , 
Spotify '    
 ,        
         -   
      
2.

 
 
 
   , CPU  
 
     


CPU     
    
 

    ( )
  
 
 
      
     
   
 
  
   
               :
   ,  
 
         ,  
 
   ,         

  ,  
       ,    
     
  
               
             
 ,              

3. ()             
()       
:3. (a)      (DSS)   
()     ()  
        ,       
                  ,
2.
        ,       , 
   '   
  
            ?
             -
        :
󷄧󼿒   (DSS) -      
󷄧󼿒   (TPS) -       
        
(a)      (DSS)   
   
            
 ,  :
 
  
 
     
 ,        ,    , 
                 

       
 -   ,      
 
     :
1.     
     

 
        
 ,    DSS  
  
 
   ?
2.
   -            :
  
 
 
 
 
        ,          
  
?

        
 :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔             
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔     ,         
   
  ,   '   -        
  :
   
      
   '   
    
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 ,        : "    ?"
2.     
   "" 
 
     
           

          
 
   ?
2.
                
     
       
 
  ,  
    
 ,  -       ,   
     
 :
          
   ,  :
   ?
    ?

      ?
          
 
       :
 
 
 
 
  
?

   
 
   ,         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       : "   ?"
3.   (   )
               -  

     
  !
2.
             
   ?
  DSS     
     :



 
 
          
 :
     '      :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔" 6     "
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔"      "
       
  
?

     '        - 
   
    
    
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔       : "
    ?"
    


 
     
 
          
 
        
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  ,         
2.
()     ()  
         -   
  DSS  '   , TPS    '   
  ,      :
   
   
    
   
   
   ,  -  
 TPS  -      ,       
-  ?
 -           
   :


 

  
     -   ,   
 

TPS    
      
1.    
     
2.
   
          
   -
     !
    -    
 :
󷄧󼿒  
 
󷄧󼿒     
󷄧󼿒      
 ,          
2.   
  -     
     :
 '  
   
   
   
   
 ,           
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔      
3.  
  '    
 
     ,     '    

 :
  -           TPS    
    
!
2.
4.   
      :
   
    ?
     
TPS          
      :
󽆱 
󽆱 
 ,           
5.      
            :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔   -      
  — DSS    
   
 ?
TPS    - !
 :
TPS        DSS      
    
6.     

      
TPS     
 
:
2.
  
 
ATM 
 
  ,  -  

7.     
 TPS   
,            
     
   ( )   

...

    



  
 

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    -   
 ,      

   ,          

 
         ,  
                
  -  ,  ,    -    
      
 ,       
     
                 
  , TPS          
 TPS        ,  DSS       


2.
  ,      ,   ,  
-        
 
4.            ?     
     
:1.       ?
     (NOS)           
   , , , ,      
     
      :
   
    ()     
 ()  ()   (,  )   

 ()             
NOS  ,             

 - -   
2.       
 NOS  
?         :
   :         ,
NOS   ,         
 :      ,     
       , NOS     ,
      
:NOS   
         
     ,      
 :      ,        
 NOS
     
  
:-      , NOS    
    
 :NOS     ' ,      
 
 , NOS   
 -          , 
   
2.
3.        
  NOS   :
    
 (  ,          )
 (   )
UNIX-  
       ,         :
   
4.        (       : 
)
                 NOS
            :
(i)  
         ,     
    
   ,        
  
:   ()        
()  ()     
(ii)       
NOS   ' ,       
 
:       ,      
     Windows       
(iii)    
NOS   
           
 
:  '           
 ,   
          
    
(iv)     
2.
NOS   ,        
:    
    
  
(v)    
NOS TCP/IP      ,   ""     
     
:            , 
     
(vi)   
NOS   
            
        
:        ,     
    ,        
(vii)   
NOS              
:         ,   
         ,   CPU ,  
      
5.      '   
?
       
:
 , ,       '   
 -          
 , ,           
6. NOS     -  
NOS        :
  
    ()     
  ( )  
  ()       
    ()    
   ,  -   NOS  ,    
  
2.
               

    , ,        
    ,    
 
    '    , 
    NOS  -  
 ,  , ,    -  ,  
     
5.     :
(a)    
()       
:(a)    
    , 
            
      ,     ,    ,  
        -   ,        
 
                
   ?
          
 
󷄧󼿒     ?
            ,  
              
            
        
    
 ,     ,  -     ,  
 ,           
  ,       
    
 (DBMS)          :
      
   
  
     
2.
    
󷄧󼿒    
  
            
    ?
1. 
      
2.     
3.      
4.   ,    '  
         
      
     
󷄧󼿒         
1.  
    '    ,      -    
2. 
            
,       
3. - 
                
4.   
              ,   
      
5.  
            
󷄧󼿒      - 
   -   :
   -    
     
-    ,     
     
   ,      
2.
   ,   ,     
󷄧󼿒    
 ?
-      ,          
 '               ,
     
  :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔          
()       
 
             ?  , 
                 
     
            
󷄧󼿒     ?
                 
      (AI)    
            
          
 24/7     
󷄧󼿒       ?
      '     :
1.   
             ,     
2.  
       '        '
    
󷄧󼿒   
2.
   
            
 :

 
  
                 
             
       
,      
󷄧󼿒       
1. 

    '   ,       
2.  
   ,  ,    

3.  
           
4. 
      24     
󷄧󼿒     
          :
1.   
     ,        
     
2.   
    ,           
      
3.  
   ,           
4. 
2.
          ' 
          
5.   
              
 
6.    
              
  
󷄧󼿒      
   
 
 
 
    
      
 
         
󷄧󼿒   (   )
    ,      :
      
 
         
          
               
󷄧󼿒   
 ?
            ,   
   '          
   ' -             
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔  ,              
'      
󷄧󼿒
2.
            


     
         
         
             
       
  ,      ,     


-   ,      - ,  , 
      
6.       ?          
:1.  -    ?
    

()  
  
 
  ,  
          
  
 

 - 
 '     ,  :
      (     )     
 
         ,     ,
   ,     
 , -            
    ,      
2.      (  )
1.      (     www.google.com 
)
2.     ,    ,     
3.      
4.      (     )
2.
 -    ,       
3.  -    
-         :
  : 
   ,    ()  
      
   :        ,  
             
  :
     ,      
       
 :           ,
     
  :       ,    
,       
  :         
    ,   ( )    

 ,   
    , 
-    
4.  -     
    
?   '  :
 :   '    ,      

:           ,  

      
:           
 :      
 -      
  
 :      ,         

   
- :     '       
  '  
    :  ()   '    , 
 ()  '      ,    
5.     -  
    :
2.
  
  
    (),    ()   
   
;          
 -       
6.  
   
-             
     :
 

 
 
     

          
 
  
-     :   ,     
,      -           
   
 ,      
  
 ,    
7.     ? 
      
    ?
:                
        
     '    
     
     ,      
-      
       
 
    
  ?        

  ?
           ,    
           ,      
              
2.
,      
 -  , ,    
      
  
           ,    

           
1.    
               -
    '  
 
   ,     :
    
  
-    
,  ,      
     
 ,       
,    
          
 
2.  
  ,             ,
     
       :
 
  
  
 
  

-        
    ,  
                 

3. 
2.
        
, , ,    
  ,        
      :
    
 
  
      
   
,              
 
4.      
               
,    :
  ,     
      
    
   
    
                ,  
     
5.       
          
   :
  
  
  
   
    
    
       
       
6.      
2.
 
           ?  -  
  

  :
  
     
   
    
   '    
        
7.      
            ,  ,
          
 ,   ,         
    
     ,       ,
         ,      
    
          
1.    
          
    :
,     
   

   - 
             
2.      
        :
2.
 
OTP (- )
  

        
   
 
 
3.         
   ,      
 
    
          
         
4.        
              
   
      
  :
    
 URL
   
    ,   '   
5.       
     ,         "http"
  "https"     "s"    ,    
6.     '  
      ,     
   
 ,             
7.      -   
 -         
   
   '      
2.
       - '    
8.         
        
  ,   

   
          
   

            , , ,
              
, 
       
,       
   
     
  
 ,           
    ,    ,     ,  
            

8. ()            ?
()         DTP      
:(a)          
             
    
   ,          ,
     
          
      
            :
1.     
  ,      
:       ,     
 
    
2.
2.  
  ,    
    
:   ,        
      
       

3.  
  ,      
 
: ,    ,    
 
4.     - 
  '   —CPU , ,    
:      ,        
 
5.   
   
       '     
        
:   '          , 
       
6.      
       
:       
,      

7.     
            
:    Windows  Linux   
8.    
  ,       
:       
 ,      ""    -   
  ,   ,      
2.
()          
       DTP       , 

 :        ?     
 
,     
 
1. DTP  ?
  (DTP)     ,     
         ' , ,    
  
      , DTP ,    
       
2.      DTP  
    :   
 ,  ,  
    DTP   -   
 
:           
       DTP    
 :DTP  ,       
           
  : ,   --    
 DTP       
   :      DTP , ,   
          :  
            DTP
   
  :DTP         
          
  :
            
DTP-     
  :DTP   
          
,          

 
3. -  
DTP        
      
 ,   
 ,   -   ,  
        , DTP   
,       
 
2.
4.    DTP   
      DTP     :
 
 
 
  
 
        -     
 DTP  -      
    
  
      ,   - 
 -             , DTP
 ,            
  
 
"                 
 
        ,         
 "